双边投资协定与中国企业海外并购——来自准自然实验的证据

双边投资协定旨在为企业跨境投资活动提供制度性保障作用,在双边国际投资中扮演着重要角色.文章以双边投资协定的签订与实施作为一项准自然实验,采用2004?2018年140个国家的国别面板数据,基于渐进型双重差分模型,考察双边投资协定对中国企业海外并购的影响效应.研究发现:(1)双边投资协定显著促进了中国企业的意愿并购,并提升了并购成功数量.(2)在动态效应上,双边投资协定的促进效应具有长期性,且促进幅度逐步提升.(3)双边投资协定的促进效应具有显著异质性,双边投资协定的促进效应在亚洲和非洲地区更为显著,对高制度质量国家和发达国家的促进效应更强,且对非国有企业的促进作用更强.(4)拓展性检验发现,双边投资协定的文本质量对中国海外并购具有显著促进效应.(5)内在机制检验发现,通过对投资协定具体条款进行分解和量化后,"投资定义与范畴""公平公正待遇"和"最惠国待遇"是影响双边投资协定促进中国海外并购的关键性条款.文章丰富了双边投资协定与海外并购关系领域的理论研究,并为中国企业海外并购及新一轮双边投资协定实践提供了政策启示,为全球经济治理贡献了中国智慧.     

我国城市住房保障水平评估——基于公租房准入门槛的量化分析

本文通过对全国153个地级及以上城市公租房准入政策和条件进行量化分析,运用主成分分析法构建起公租房准入指数,用以反映城市住房保障水平.以此为基础,本文利用中国家庭金融调查的微观数据,实证检验公租房准入指数对家庭居住公租房的影响.结果 显示,公租房准入指数越高,家庭获得公租房的可能性显著增加,从而验证该指数的合理性.文章发现,尽管在大力倡导新型城镇化的背景下,各地公租房仍然对外市户籍人口存在较高门槛.随着城镇化水平不断提高,人口流动持续增强,中央政府应建立对各城市科学合理的住房保障评估体系,重构地方政府激励机制,提高地方政府住房保障的积极性,同时应加大对外来居民的保障力度.     

Revisiting the ICAPM under the distortion of risk–return tradeoff in short-horizon stock returns

We suggest that the distortion of the positive risk–return relation in the ICAPM is a consequence of trading by informed investors to exploit mispricing. We hypothesize and demonstrate that a non-positive (strongly positive) risk–return relation following positive (negative) market returns is attributed to short-selling (purchasing) of overpriced (underpriced) stocks along with optimistic (pessimistic) expectations conditional on good (bad) market news. We verify this asymmetry in the risk–return relation through the indirect risk–return relation conditional on good (bad) market news. We also find that the attenuation (reinforcement) of the positive risk–return relation is more profound in high- (low-) sentiment periods.     

Conditional Mandates on Management Earnings Forecasts: The Impact on the Cost of Debt

Exploiting a unique conditional disclosure mandate on management earnings forecasts (MEFs) in China, we examine the differential effects of voluntary and mandatory MEFs on the cost of debt. We find that firms providing voluntary MEFs have lower cost of debt than do mandatory forecasters and nonforecasters. The results of the channel analyses reveal that voluntary forecasters have greater commitment to voluntary MEFs in future periods than do mandatory forecasters and nonforecasters, and the precision, accuracy, and timeliness of MEFs are higher for voluntary forecasters than for mandatory forecasters. Additional analyses show that the differential effects of voluntary and mandatory MEFs on cost of debt are stronger for voluntary forecasters operating in opaque information environments, issuing high-quality and confirming forecasts, controlled by private shareholders, and operating in highly competitive product markets. Overall, our results indicate that, compared with mandatory MEFs, voluntary MEFs are more informative for credit investors, particularly for firms facing greater information risk and operating uncertainty.     

西藏城乡居民家庭养老现状与趋向分析

在西藏,家庭曾是老年人养老的基本依赖。然而,随着经济社会条件的变化和人口流动,老年人的生存状况与过去大不相同。传统的家庭养老功能面临着新的挑战,主要表现如家庭结构逐渐趋向小型化、子女数量减少而使家庭供养负担加重、老龄化导致家庭养老功能弱化。面对这些新的挑战,西藏城乡居民的养老出现新趋向,如自我养老观念提高、女儿养老地位加强以及社会化养老等。     

The effect of mandatory CSR disclosure on firm profitability and social externalities: Evidence from China

We examine how mandatory disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) impacts firm performance and social externalities. Our analysis exploits China's 2008 mandate requiring firms to disclose CSR activities, using a difference-in-differences design. Although the mandate does not require firms to spend on CSR, we find that mandatory CSR reporting firms experience a decrease in profitability subsequent to the mandate. In addition, the cities most impacted by the disclosure mandate experience a decrease in their industrial wastewater and SO₂ emission levels. These findings suggest that mandatory CSR disclosure alters firm behavior and generates positive externalities at the expense of shareholders.     

Dialectical mind can be sweet toward crisis‐associated products/brands

Consumers’ thinking style (e.g., dialectical thinking), which is fundamental to cognition, has been paid inadequate attention in the consumer literature. This research explores the impact of dialectical thinking on Chinese consumer responses toward crisis‐associated products/brands. Findings in three experimental studies indicate that, in comparison to those primed with nondialectical thinking, consumers primed with dialectical thinking report higher levels of purchase intention and trust for a crisis‐associated product/brand. This is the case not just for products with Chinese cultural background, but also for products with western cultural background. Consumers’ perceived severity of crises moderates the impact of dialectical thinking, with a stronger impact in a highly severe crisis situation than in a less severe one. A survey study indicates a similar pattern. These findings are important in suggesting ways of encouraging Chinese consumers to be insistent on quality standard in order to better protect their consumer rights, and moreover, for multinational corporations on how best to respond and formulate strategies of handling product‐harm crises in the Chinese market.     

Hours underemployment and employee turnover: the moderating role of human resource practices

Using Canadian nationally representative, multisource longitudinal data, this paper examines relationships between hours underemployment, employee turnover and human resource practices. The results of hierarchical linear models indicate that underemployed employees are more likely to leave an organisation that relies heavily on part-time workers, whereas they are more likely to stay when their employers hire regularly from within the company. These findings extend the literature on hours underemployment from individual-level direct effects to organisational-level moderating factors, and accordingly, they provide empirical evidence that human resource professionals can use to address the detrimental effects of underemployment.